OPEN-ACCESS PEER-REVIEWED

Dr Tulika Bansal1*, Deeksha Bordoloi2, Dr. Pawan Kumar Gupta3,Dr. Uttam Kumar Panda4 ,Dr. Prasanta Kumar Das 5

1University School of Education, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Delhi

2Assam Women’s University, Jorhat, Assam, India

3Assistant Professor, Department of Economics,Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur.

4Assistant Professor of Sociology, Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur, India

5Assistant Professor, Kampur College, Nagaon, Assam – 782426

Download PDF

Abstract

Cultural diversity is one of the key characteristics of global cities, which shape social relations, economic processes, and urban sustainability. This review seeks to explore how cultural diversity impacts the integration processes within towns and cities. Stressing the paper’s focus on immigration as both an enabler of change and a generator of social issues, the article examines migration trends, legislation, and community responses affecting urban integration. Socioeconomic status and ethnic segmentation are major challenges due to the lack of equal opportunities to access resources and services. Based on the current literature and case analysis, the review defines the best practices for increasing social inclusion and using diversity to support sustainable urban development. This article aims to advance the knowledge of cultural diversity in global cities by integrating the results of prior studies and highlighting the areas of further research; thus, it provides recommendations for policymakers, urban planners, and community members who are interested in creating multicultural cities.

Keywords: cultural diversity, social integration, global cities, urban diversity, inclusive policies

References

[1]. Ager, A., & Strang, A. (2008). Understanding integration: A conceptual framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(2), 166-191. doi:10.1093/jrs/fen016
[2]. Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. University of Minnesota Press.
[3]. Biles, J., & Burstein, M. (2012). Immigration and integration policy in Canada. In R. Waldinger & M. Bozorgmehr (Eds.), Ethnic Los Angeles (pp. 265-285). Russell Sage Foundation.
[4]. Castles, S., & Miller, M. J. (2009). The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
[5]. Chakravarty, Dwarka & Goerzen, Anthony & Musteen, Martina & Ahsan, Mujtaba (2021). Global cities: A multi-disciplinary review and research agenda. Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 56(3). https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/worbus/v56y2021i3s1090951620301103.html
[6]. Charles, C. Z. (2003). The dynamics of racial residential segregation. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 167-207. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100002
[7]. Chidziwa, T., Chidziwa, L., & Langa, V. (2023, September 1). EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF INNOVATION AND THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL PRINCIPALS AS AGENT OF CHANGE. EPH-International Journal of Business & Management Science, 9(3), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.150
[8]. Chou, M.-H., Erkkilä, T., & Mölsä, J. (2024). Crafting innovation hubs: Future cities and global challenges. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 26(3), 694-717. https://doi.org/10.1177/13691481231191921
[9]. Collins, J., & Poynting, S. (2000). The state of migration: Immigration regulation, multiculturalism, and antiracism in Australia. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Rights and the Law, 1(2), 57-80. doi:10.1163/157181100X00051
[10]. Cook, C. (2019). Social Capital and Social Identity. In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage book series (pp. 43–60). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7721-8.ch003
[11]. Darwin J. (2020). Unlocking the World: Port Cities and Globalization in the Age of Steam, 1830–1930. London, Penguin, [Google Scholar]
[12]. Featherstone, M. (Ed.). (1995). Global culture: Nationalism, globalization and modernity. Sage Publications.
[13]. Fishman, J. A. (2001). Can threatened languages be saved? Multilingual Matters.
[14]. Florida, R. (2002). The economic geography of talent. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92(4), 743-755. doi:10.1111/1467-8306.00309
[15]. Gaël FOMEKONG, C., Domche Teko, E., & Pierre Tematio, L. (2023, June 1). THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL TEACHING OF NATIONAL LANGUAGES AND CULTURES AND THE PERPETUATION OF LIVING TOGETHER. EPH – International Journal of Educational Research, 7(2), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.53555/ephijer.v7i2.86
[16]. Ghorashi, H. (2016). Super-diversity and the art of being ‘in-between’. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(9), 1606-1625. doi:10.1080/01419870.2016.1156562
[17]. Glick Schiller, N., & Çağlar, A. (2009). Towards a comparative theory of locality in migration studies: Migrant incorporation and city scale. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35(2), 177-202. doi:10.1080/13691830802586182
[18]. Gogolin, I. (2002). Linguistic diversity and social justice: An introduction to applied sociolinguistics. Multilingual Matters
[19]. Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380. https://doi.org/10.1086/225469
[20]. Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (1999). Global transformations: Politics, economics, and culture. Stanford University Press.
[21]. Hornberger, N. H. (2008). Language policy, culture, and identity in Asian contexts. Multilingual Matters.
[22]. Hugo, G. (2013). Global migration futures: Explorations into the future of international migration. Springer.
[23]. Huntington, S. P. (2004). Who are we? The challenges to America’s national identity. Simon & Schuster.
[24]. Kretzmann, J. P., & McKnight, J. L. (1993). Building communities from the inside out A path toward finding and mobilizing a community’s assets. Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research.
[25]. Kymlicka, W. (1995). Multicultural citizenship: A liberal theory of minority rights. Oxford University Press.
[26]. Logan, J. R., & Zhang, W. (2010). Global neighborhoods: New pathways to diversity and separation. American Journal of Sociology, 115(4), 1069-1109. doi:10.1086/651447
[27]. Massey, D. S. (2008). New faces in new places: The changing geography of American immigration. In N. Foner (Ed.), Across generations: Immigrant families in America (pp. 97-125). New York University Press.
[28]. Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (1988). The dimensions of residential segregation. Social Forces, 67(2), 281-315. doi:10.2307/2579183
[29]. Muhammad Sajid Javed (2024). THE IMPACT OF LANGUAGE ON CULTURE AND TO UNDERSTAND SECOND LANGUAGE FOR COMMUNICATION, HUMAN LIFE, AND SOCIETY. EPH – International Journal of Humanities and Social Science; 9(1): 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53555/eijhss.v9i1.175
[30]. Page, S. E. (2007). The difference: How the power of diversity creates better groups, firms, schools, and societies. Princeton University Press.
[31]. Parekh, B. (2000). Rethinking multiculturalism: Cultural diversity and political theory. Palgrave Macmillan.
[32]. Peach, C. (1996). Does Britain have ghettos? Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 21(2), 216-235. doi:10.2307/622833
[33]. Penninx, R., & Garcés-Mascareñas, B. (Eds.). (2016). Integration processes and policies in Europe: Contexts, levels, and actors. Springer.
[34]. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(6), 922-934. doi:10.1002/ejsp.504
[35]. Portes, A., & Rumbaut, R. G. (2001). Legacies: The story of the immigrant second generation. University of California Press.
[36]. Portes, A., & Zhou, M. (1993). The new second generation: Segmented assimilation and its variants. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 530, 74-96. doi:10.1177/0002716293530001006
[37]. Putnam, R. D. (1993). The prosperous community: Social capital and public life. The American Prospect, 13(Spring), 35-42.
[38]. Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78. doi:10.1353/jod.2000.0002
[39]. Putnam, R. D. (2007). E pluribus unum: Diversity and community in the twenty-first century. The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture. Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2), 137-174. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00176.x
[40]. Sassen, S. (2001). The global city: Strategic site/new frontier. In P. Knox & P. J. Taylor (Eds.), World cities in a world-system (pp. 317-331). Cambridge University Press.
[41]. Sassen, S. (2006). Cities in a world economy (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
[42]. Saxenian, A. (2006). The new argonauts: Regional advantage in a global economy. Harvard University Press.
[43]. Scholten, P., & Penninx, R. (2016). Integrating refugees in urban areas: Policies and practices in Amsterdam. In R. Penninx & B. Garcés-Mascareñas (Eds.), Integration processes and policies in Europe: Contexts, levels and actors (pp. 213-236). Springer.
[44]. Staeheli, L. A., Castles, S., & Davidson, A. (2002). Citizenship and Migration: Globalization and the Politics of Belonging. Economic Geography, 78(3), 392. https://doi.org/10.2307/4140816
[45]. Tufts, S. (2003). Florida, Richard 2002. The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life. New York: Basic Books, 404p. Just Labour. https://doi.org/10.25071/1705-1436.180
[46]. Vermeulen, H., & Penninx, R. (2000). Immigrant integration: The Dutch case. Amsterdam University Press.
[47]. Vertovec, S. (2007). Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(6), 1024-1054. doi:10.1080/01419870701599465
[48]. Vertovec, S. (2010). Towards post‐multiculturalism? Changing communities, conditions, and contexts of diversity. International Social Science Journal, 61(199), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2451.2010.01749.x
[49]. Wacquant, L. (2007). Territorial stigmatization in the age of advanced marginality. Thesis Eleven, 91(1), 66-77. doi:10.1177/0725513607073475
[50]. Wessendorf, S. (2014). Commonplace diversity: Social relations in a super-diverse context. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 33(3), 431-450. doi:10.1080/01419870903142455
[51]. Zhou, M. (1998). Growing up American: The challenge confronting immigrant children and children of immigrants. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 63-95. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.63
[52]. Zukin, S. (1995). The cultures of cities. Blackwell Publishers.
[53]. Zukin, S. (2010). Naked city: The death and life of authentic urban places. Oxford University Press.