OPEN-ACCESS PEER-REVIEWED

1Dr. Harbans Singh, 2Dr. Kiran Dange, 3Rahul Haridas Gujarathi, 4Subha Loganathan, 5Dr. Dhrubajyoti Bhuyan, 6Dr. Hemang Jani

1Research Officer (Ay), Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Rajinder Nagar, Bantalab, Jammu (J&K), India 181123

2MD, MBA, DMLS, Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, B. J. Govt. Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra, India

3Professor, College of Ayurved, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India

4Assistant professor (plant breeding and genetics), Tamil Nadu Agricultural Subha Loganathan

5Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India

6Ph.D. MPT BPT, Incharge Principal/Professor, Harivandana Physiotherapy College Rajkot, Saurashtra University Rajkot, Gujrat.

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Abstract

Background: Both studies were conducted a 12-week randomly controlled trial in 180 non-smoking, normotensive, non-diabetic subjects with ages ranging from 38.5-39.2 years, 41-46% female and BMI of 24.5-24.9 kg/m2.

Methods: In all, 45 patients were randomized into each of the diet groups. They were the alteration of fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, insulin resistance by HOMA-IR index, and inflammatory markers CRP, IL-6, and TNF- α after 12 weeks compared to the baseline values.

Results: High-fiber diets reduced fasting glycaemia by 6.8%, low-fat diets by 4.6%, and Mediterranean diets by 6.3% compared to the control (p < 0.05). Intervention diets were even more effective than control in reducing HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, and triglycerides (p<0.05). The inflammatory markers reduction was significantly different from control: for CRP from 3.3 ± 0.5 to 2.0 ± 0.5 mg / L, IL-6 from 5.7 ± 0.8 to 4.1 ± 0.6 pg / mL, and TNF-α from 3.6 ± 0.5 to 2.4 ± 0.5 pg

Conclusions: High-fiber, low-fat, and Mediterranean diets were found to be equally effective in improving glycaemic control, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and markers of inflammation in sedentary but otherwise healthy adults after 12 weeks of diet intervention of a control diet. These findings provide evidence that supports the implementation of high-fiber plant-based diets for improving cardiometabolic outcomes.

Keywords: Mediterranean diet; fiber-rich diet; low fat diet; inflammation; glucose; randomised controlled trial

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