Central Hypothyroidism Causing Drugs: A Scoping Review
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Abstract
Numerous drugs can affect thyroid function. When a patient needs exogenous levothyroxine, the majority of these drugs either directly affect the thyroid or have an impact on the absorption and metabolism of thyroid hormones. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the hypothalamus or thyrotrope can be reduced by a certain class of drugs, which includes glucocorticoids, dopamine agonists, somatostatin analogs, and rexinoids. This can then affect thyroid function. Thankfully, most of these medications usually do not cause central hypothyroidism that is clinically noticeable. Most patients with rexinoids, a more modern class of nuclear hormone receptor agonists, experience clinically severe central hypothyroidism. Dopamine agonists may worsen "hypothyroidism" in people with nonthyroidal disorders. The main aim is to review the Central Hypothyroidism causing drugs. This systematic review aims to inventory and analyze the literature on medications associated with central hypothyroidism. The review will focus on understanding the potential causal relationship between various drugs and the emergence of central hypothyroidism. The strategy outlined below will guide the thorough search, selection, and analysis of relevant research. The discussion underscores the complexity of medication-induced central hypothyroidism and stresses the necessity of cautious assessment and treatment in a therapeutic context, taking into account the various and frequently transient effects of these drugs on thyroid function.
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