Rapid Detection of Mycotoxins in Food Samples Using a Portable Bioanalytical Device
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Abstract
Aflatoxins and ochratoxins are toxic compounds formed by fungi, which invade food crops and other agricultural products. A continuous check of mycotoxin levels in foods is crucial to reduce their associated hazards. This study focused on examining mycotoxin presence in corn, peanuts, figs and wheat as well as rice. Aflatoxin B1 was assayed by the AOAC method, ochratoxin A was determined by HPLC, deoxynivalenol was analyzed by VIS, and fumonisin B1 was tested by the method of AOAC. The average quantity of aflatoxin B1 found in the corn sample was 15.2 μg/kg with a low degree of variation reflected by the standard deviation of 0.5 μg/kg, and the coefficient of variation of 3.3%. It was also observed that peanuts had a higher aflatoxin B1 mean value of 22.3 μg/kg; thus, this commodity should be routinely screened. Ochratoxin A, at a level of 8.7 μg/kg, was detected in figs and can lead to progressive kidney disease upon consumption. Wheat flour samples also had deoxynivalenol (10.4 μg/kg) which is a fusarium mycotoxin and can pose some health risks if ingested. Fumonisin B1, from fusarium, was identified in rice and is toxic in large quantities; in rice, the concentration was 5.8μg/kg. Spike recovery analysis also confirmed the efficiency of mycotoxin detection and estimation. The mean percentage of extraction and recovery of AFB1 was 97.5%, OTA, 93.0%, and DON, 94.0%. Data from this study shows that mycotoxins were present in all the samples. Therefore, it is recommended that regular surveillance of agricultural products, particularly peanuts, should be conducted to prevent high population threats.
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