OPEN-ACCESS PEER-REVIEWED

1Somnath. R, 2Dr. Vilas. N. Deshmukh

1Phd Scholar S.N. Institute of Pharmacy, Pusad. Maharashtra. India.

2Associate Professor, S.N. Institute of Pharmacy, Pusad. Maharashtra. India.

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a global health crisis characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, leading to severe complications and increased mortality. Tamarindus indica seeds have been traditionally used for medicinal purposes, and recent studies suggest their potential antidiabetic properties.

Methods: Tamarindus indica seeds were collected and processed to obtain chloroform and ethanol fractions. Phytochemical profiling was conducted using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS), identifying bioactive compounds. Molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the interactions of these compounds with GLUT4 (PDB ID: 7WSM) and PPAR-γ (PDB ID: 6Y3U). In vivo antidiabetic activity was assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, with blood glucose levels monitored over 12 hours. Gene expression analysis of GLUT4 and PPAR-γ was performed using RT-qPCR.

Results: HR-LCMS analysis identified compounds such as apigenin, epicatechin, and β-sitosterol. Molecular docking showed high binding affinities, with β-sitosterol having a docking score of -11.7 for GLUT4. In vivo studies demonstrated significant reductions in blood glucose levels: chloroform fraction (105.80 ± 6.72 mg/dL at 6 hours) and ethanol fraction (115.70 ± 6.82 mg/dL at 6 hours) compared to the diabetic control (260.15 ± 2.14 mg/dL). Gene expression analysis revealed increased GLUT4 protein levels: chloroform fraction (3.8-fold) and ethanol fraction (2.7-fold) versus diabetic control (0.5-fold), and increased PPAR-γ levels: chloroform fraction (3.5-fold) and ethanol fraction (2.5-fold) versus diabetic control (0.4-fold).

Conclusion: Tamarindus indica seed fractions exhibit significant antidiabetic properties, reducing blood glucose levels and enhancing GLUT4 and PPAR-γ expression. These findings support the therapeutic potential of Tamarindus indica seeds as natural antidiabetic agents, warranting further research and development.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Tamarindus indica, HR-LCMS, Molecular docking, GLUT4, PPAR-γ, Antidiabetic activity.

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